• br The lipoxygenase pathway in vascular physiology and patho

  2023-12-27

  

  The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in vascular physiology and pathology The mammalian 12- and 15-LOXs have high substrate specificity oxidizing predominantly ω−6 (arachidonic and linoleic acids) but also the ω−3 (docosahexanoic) 324 4 [86], [87], [88]. Different LOXs oxidize fatty acids both in the f

• Medium spiny neurons MSNs in the

  2023-12-27

  

  Medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the striatum start from a deeply hyperpolarized resting membrane potential, slowly depolarize and show a delayed start of firing during a current injection (Kawaguchi, 1993, Nisenbaum and Wilson, 1995, Planert et al., 2013). The firing pattern during the current inject

• In the isolated right atrium activation of muscarinic recept

  2023-12-26

  

  In the isolated right atrium, activation of muscarinic receptors and adenosine receptors may block the generation of action potentials in the sinoatrial node, inducing cardiac arrest (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5) (Camara et al., 2015, Campbell et al., 1989). Physiologically, this conditio

• Epithelial mesenchymal transition EMT is the

  2023-12-26

  

  Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is the process by which epithelial cells are trans-differentiated into motile mesenchymal cells. During EMT, epithelial cells reorganize their cortical tachykinin cytoskeleton, lose their junctions and apical-basal polarity, change cell shape, and reprogram g

• Regarding androgens it is known that

  2023-12-26

  

  Regarding androgens, it is known that they are also essential for reproductive success (Walters et al., 2010). At the molecular level, their effects are produced mainly by dihydrotestosterone (DHT), arising from the conversion of testosterone by the enzyme 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid-4-dehydrogenase (enco

• In an AP scenario several inflammatory mediators

  2023-12-26

  

  In an AP scenario, several inflammatory mediators are produced locally to orchestrate an immune response. Eicosanoids are among those molecules and represent a class of lipid mediators synthesized from arachidonic CPI-203 mg through the action of cyclooxygenases or lipoxygenases to generate prostagl

• The central problem in amnesia developing following impairme

  2023-12-26

  

  The central problem in amnesia developing following impairment of long-term memory consolidation or reconsolidation is a question of the underlying mechanisms, whether it is caused by impairment of retrieval or memory storage mechanisms [3,8,9,[15], [16], [17], [18]]. To answer this question, severa

• br Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the

  2023-12-26

  

  Acknowledgements MC and PD were funded by the Michael J Fox Foundation (Grant ID 9969). We would like to thank Pierluigi Saba, Francesco Traccis and Barbara Tuveri for their technical assistance. Introduction In the prostate, androgens play a crucial role in normal, BPH and cancerous growth b

• Introduction hydroxytryptamine HT is found

  2023-12-26

  

  Introduction 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is found throughout the body and influences smooth muscle activity in various tissues including the intestine, vasculature and urinary faah inhibitor (Kim and Camilleri, 2000, Klarskov and Horby-Petersen, 1986, Mohammad-Zadeh et al., 2008). The current classi

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Cancer is a deadly

  2023-12-26

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Cancer is a deadly disease of uncontrolled cell division and has the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body and affects normal functioning of the vital organs. Nowadays cancer is considered as leading cause of human death in all over the world and

• NO is an important mediator for maintaining bone

  2023-12-26

  

  NO is an important mediator for maintaining bone integrity since it plays a role in the bone remodeling process. It was shown that mechanical strain and shear stress induce NO synthesis in osteoblasts and osteocytes (van't Hof & Stuart, 2001). It was reported that mechanical loading influences its a

• Although apelin g kg shows negative early

  2023-12-26

  

  Although apelin 60μg/kg shows negative (early) and positive (late) inotropic effects, since ERK1/2 phosphorylation starts at the min 5 of administration [6], ERK1/2 phosphorylation mediate positive inotropic effects of apelin 60μg/kg. After the simultaneous inhibition of KOR and APJ the phosphoryla

• The transcription factor activator protein AP

  2023-12-26

  

  The transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) is a redox-sensitive transcription factor whose activity is controlled by agents that perturb intracellular thiol concentrations [10,11]. AP-1 is mainly composed of Jun, Fos, and ATF protein dimers [12,13]. AP-1 mediates the regulation of numerous

• br Mechanism of action In general the

  2023-12-26

  

  Mechanism of action In general, the main targets for antifungal drug development are cell wall polymer (glucans, chitin, mannoproteins), cell membrane (especially ergosterol) biosynthesis, DNA and protein synthesis (topoisomerases, nucleases, elongation factors and myristoylation), and signal tra

• In the largest postmortem study of autopsied individuals alm

  2023-12-26

  

  In the largest postmortem study of 3618 autopsied individuals, almost 75% of the individuals without Aβ pathology already harbored cortical NFT pathology mostly confined to the medial temporal regions (Murray et al., 2015). In Braak's study of 2366 autopsied individuals (Braak and Del Tredici, 2014)

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